Transposable elements: mechanistic insights into a dynamic regulatory landscape of plant stress response with agricultural implications

Document Type : Review paper

Authors
1 Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj, Iran.
2 Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
3 Amity Centre for Nuclear Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai 410206, India
Abstract
Transposable  genetic elements (TEs) are dynamic DNA sequences that significantly impact plant gene expression, enabling adaptation to environmental stresses. This review explores the role of TEs in plant adaptation, focusing on the mechanisms of TE activation and suppression, including chromatin remodeling, DNA modifications, and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Stress conditions trigger TE activation through interactions between stress-induced transcription factors and TE promoters, as seen with retrotransposon families like COPIA93 and ONSEN in  modulation of stress-responsive genes. Understanding these mechanisms provides valuable insights for agriculture, particularly in developing crops that are resilient to climate change. Leveraging TE-mediated gene regulation presents innovative strategies for enhancing plant adaptation, highlighting the potential of TEs in genetic manipulation for plant improvement.
Keywords
Subjects

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Volume 12, Issue 2
December 2024
Pages 13-40

  • Receive Date 17 November 2024
  • Revise Date 22 November 2024
  • Accept Date 23 November 2024
  • First Publish Date 23 November 2024